@article{Wang2026, 
author = {Jiacheng (Jayden) Wang and Junqing Ma and Hanxiao Du and Ruguang Ma and Jiacheng Wang},
title = {Electrifying nitrate conversion: Dual-metal-site catalysts as a game-changer for sustainable NH3 production},
year = {2026},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {94907798},
keywords = {artificial intelligence, ammonia synthesis, electronic regulation, rational design, dual-metal-site electrocatalysts},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907798},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907798},
abstract = {Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) emerges as a sustainable approach for converting residual nitrate pollutants into valuable ammonia under ambient conditions, offering a promising alternative to the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Compared to single-metal-site electrocatalysts, dual-metal-site (DMS) electrocatalysts show synergistic effects between adjacent metal sites, effectively regulating the electronic state and enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity for NO3RR with multi-step proton and electron transfers. Further understanding on NO3RR is of practical significance for design of efficient DMS electrocatalysts. This review aims to systematically investigate the recent advancement of DMS electrocatalysts for NO3RR to ammonia synthesis, providing new understandings and insights into this catalytic process. The NO3RR mechanism, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven DMS synthesis, DMS synthesis/characterization, and design of chemical reaction systems are categorized and discussed. DMS electrocatalysts for NO3RR at the cathode can reduce the energy input for water oxidation, biomass oxidation reactions, and zinc-nitrate batteries, while simultaneously enhancing the yields of anode and cathode products. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for DMS electrocatalysts in NO3RR are further discussed. This review provides in-depth guidance for rational design of dual-site electrocatalysts, facilitating practical and sustainable electrochemical processes in the near future.}
}