@article{Wang2026, 
author = {Chengbin Wang and Mengke Li and Ping Li and Kaicai Fan and Porun Liu and Tianrong Zhan and Bin Li and Lingbo Zong and Lei Wang},
title = {Rigid ligand confined rapid synthesis of dual single-atomic sites on carbon black for enhanced oxygen depolarized cathodes},
year = {2026},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {94907794},
keywords = {Zn-air battery, high-temperature shock, chlor-alkali electrolysis, rigid ligand, dual single-atomic sites, oxygen depolarized cathode},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907794},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907794},
abstract = {Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for Zn-air batteries, while also serves as a core electrochemical process in oxygen depolarized cathodes (ODCs) for chlor-alkali electrolysis. The lack of cost-effective, highly active ORR electrocatalysts with superior kinetics hinders progress in this field. Herein, we report the Fe/Ni dual single-atomic sites anchored by commercial carbon black (Fe/Ni-N/CB) using rigid ligand confined and high-temperature shock (HTS) strategy in less than 0.5 s. Theoretical calculation reveals that single-atomic Fe is the real active site. Single-atomic Fe and Ni species in Fe/Ni-N/CB synergistically accelerate the kinetics of ORR by reducing the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. A large half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.907 V is achieved in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution. The assembled aqueous Zn-air battery (A-ZAB) with Fe/Ni-N/CB cathode presents remarkable charge–discharge cycling stability for over 650 h without voltage gap degradation. The quasi-solid-state Zn-air battery (QSS-ZAB) exhibits excellent reversibility over a 150-h operation at 0.5 mA·cm−2 with negligible energy conversion efficiency recession. Impressively, Fe/Ni-N/CB||RuO2 chlor-alkali flow cell exhibits a low cell voltage of 1.60 V at a large current density of 300 mA·cm−2 at 80 °C, and demonstrates exceptional durability with 7% current density decay over 150 h of continuous operation at 100 mA·cm−2. Fe/Ni-N/CB||RuO2 achieves near-ideal caustic current efficiency (~ 97.2%) at the current density of 300 mA·cm−2. This work provides a rapid and economical synthesis technique for the synthesis of catalysts at the atomic scale while demonstrating significant potential for application in energy-saving chlor-alkali electrolyzer.}
}