@article{Hidayat2025, 
author = {Hilmy Nur Hidayat and Naufal Hanif Hawari and Aldan Hadziq Haidar and Qiang Zhu and Ning Ding and Qingyu Yan and Afriyanti Sumboja},
title = {Li2CO3-incorporated PVDF nanofiber network as lithium host enabling low N/P ratio lithium metal batteries},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {94907781},
keywords = {electrospinning, lithium metal batteries, nanofiber anode, Li host, three-dimensional (3D) network anode},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907781},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907781},
abstract = {Lithium metal batteries are regarded as a solution for maximizing the energy density of Li-ion batteries. Ideally, the Li metal anode should be thin enough with a low negative to positive capacity ratio (N/P ratio ≤ 2), thus conserving the high-energy density nature of Li-metal batteries. However, reducing the lithium metal thickness limits cycling stability due to inadequate lithium reserves to counter dead lithium generation. To address this, we construct a three-dimensional (3D) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber network incorporating Li2CO3 as a lithium host on a copper current collector via electrospinning. Incorporating Li2CO3 reduces the PVDF crystallinity and promotes electrolyte wettability, enhancing Li-ion diffusion and allowing uniform Li encapsulation on the nanofiber networks. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also reveals that an optimized Li2CO3 content in the nanofiber network reduces charge transfer resistance, further enabling homogeneous lithium deposition across the nanostructure. This architecture significantly improves the electrochemical performance, delivering a stable plating and stripping cycle life up to 330 h in a half-cell configuration. In a full-cell configuration with an NMC622 cathode at an N/P ratio of 2, the optimized PVDF-Li2CO3 nanofiber network retains 71.6% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles, compared to the premature failure (after 60 cycles) of conventional Li-plated Cu anode. This work presents a straightforward and scalable approach to stabilizing low N/P ratio lithium metal batteries, advancing their practical application.}
}