@article{Wang2025, 
author = {Xiaoning Wang and Anqi Zhuge and Puhua Sun and Lichang Zhang and Shuaiqi Wu and Yanyan Song and Li Tang and Ying Liu and Yanfu Tong and Xitao Yin and Xiaoguang Ma},
title = {Atomic Sn1–Ir pair-modified dilute alloy clusters for efficient hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysis},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {94907766},
keywords = {alkaline, hydrogen oxidation reaction, dilute alloy clusters, Ir clusters, Sn single atoms},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907766},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907766},
abstract = {Modifying Ir by foreign metals with oxophilicity is a promising strategy to accelerate the hydrogen oxidation kinetics. However, uncontrolled enrichment and oxidative dissolution of metastable oxophilic dopants in conventional Ir-based alloys impair their activity and durability. Here, we address these challenges by atomically dispersing oxophilic Sn sites within Ir clusters to form dilute alloys. The Sn1–Ir pairs, confined within an atomic-scale lattice, prevent excessive *OH coverage caused by oxophilic site enrichment, while also reducing durability loss due to the dissolution of metastable dopants. Our analysis reveals that the Sn1–Ir pairs facilitate electron transfer between Sn1 and adjacent Ir sites, generating electron-rich Ir atoms and electron-poor Sn atoms. This modulation weakens *H and CO adsorption on Ir sites while enhancing OH adsorption on Sn sites. The resulting catalyst shows improved catalytic hydrogen oxidation performance in alkaline media, with mass activities 6.4 and 10.7 times higher than that of Ir/C and Pt/C, respectively. Under CO poisoning conditions, it retains 90.9% of its initial activity, outperforming both Ir/C and Pt/C. This work offers new perspectives on the design of dual-site catalysts for hydrogen oxidation catalysis.}
}