@article{Chen2025, 
author = {He Chen and Liangliang Xu and Pengyang Li and Zhong Chen and Jinhua Xiong and Zonglin Liu and Qian Yan and Haowen Zheng and Xu Zhao and Fuhua Xue and Huanxin Lian and Yunxiang Chen and Teng Fei and Ying Hu and Qingyu Peng and Xiaodong He},
title = {A self-sensing photoactuator based on temperature self-compensated MXene/graphite composite ink for objects recognition and biomimetic soft robotics},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {94907744},
keywords = {MXene, soft actuator, self-sensing, temperature self-compensation, deformation feedback},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907744},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907744},
abstract = {Soft actuators endowed with self-sensing capability become highly sought after in recent years. Ti3C2Tx MXene is expected to be used in the development of self-sensing actuators due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. However, achieving precise deformation feedback of MXene-based actuators remains a challenge, as the resistance change of MXene is not only affected by deformation, but also by temperature, and the decoupling is difficult. Here, a composite ink with temperature self-compensation (0.00125 %·°C−1 of temperature coefficient of resistance) is fabricated by combining MXene and graphite with opposite temperature coefficients of resistance. The composite ink can be written on a variety of substrates, including glass, cellulose paper, and various polymers. Based on this, an ink-cellulose/polymer composite actuator with self-sensing function is actualized. The actuator can achieve accurate real-time deformation feedback by monitoring the resistance signal of ink-cellulose layer, which shows a high linear sensitivity (gauge factor ~ 14.5, coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.99), thereby realizing the perception of touch behavior and distinguishing objects with different weights, softness, and roughness. Besides, a series of biomimetic devices and soft robots with programmable movements (rolling and self-sustained oscillating) are also demonstrated. The results offer new insights for the development of the self-sensing actuators.}
}