@article{Zhang2025, 
author = {Zesheng Zhang and Xin Zhang and Shijun Zhang and Ruiyong Zhang and Wolfgang Sand and Jizhou Duan and Baorong Hou},
title = {Piezoelectric Field-Enhanced Photocatalysis in Ti3C2Tx MXene: A Dual-Mechanism Strategy for Marine Antifouling},
year = {2025},
journal = {Environmental Chemistry and Safety},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {9600009},
keywords = {Ti3C2Tx MXene, Piezophotocatalytic activity, Antibacterial performance, Mechanochemical energy conversion, Marine antifouling.},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/ECS.2025.9600009},
doi = {10.26599/ECS.2025.9600009},
abstract = {Piezoelectric photocatalytic materials have been reported to show significant advantages in the field of marine biofouling control. Their sustainable antimicrobial mechanism arises from unique energy conversion properties. Structural characterization reveals that the Ti3C2Tx MXene layered surface termination morphology can induce strain-mediated polarization via hydrodynamic stimulation under dark conditions, resulting in a 50.9 % mechanochemical inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The piezoelectric photocatalytic property indicated a 3.2-fold improvement in antimicrobial efficiency of about 79.8% within visible light irradiation conditions (λ ≥ 420 nm). These results showed higher data compared to Ti3AlC2 (22.3%). Thus, the performance enhancement mechanism can be ascribed to factors including the synergistic effect of piezoelectricity, photocatalysis, and the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (·O2−· and ·OH). Therefore, the mechanical-photonic energy mechanism enhances antifouling activity through the redox reactions.}
}