@article{Song2025, 
author = {Xiaoying Song and Min Wang and Zehui Zhang and Qiushi Yao and Songke Mao and Wei Wang and Shijie Yang and Xilei Ding and Guangbin Zhang and Zhengyi Wang and Changshun Wang and Ziwen Kong and Jing Wu and Linglong Zhang and Yi Huang and Hucheng Song},
title = {A long cycle lifespan and high energy efficiency Li–CO2 battery enabled by dual-active site AuRu catalysts on TiO2},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {94907704},
keywords = {dual-active sites, TiO2 nanorod arrays, Li2CO3 decomposition, Li–CO2 batteries, Au–Ru synergy},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907704},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907704},
abstract = {Lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their high theoretical energy densities and potential for capturing and converting CO2 toward net-zero carbon dioxide emissions. However, the reversible cycling capability of Li–CO2 batteries is greatly limited by the sluggish kinetics of the CO2 evolution reaction (CO2ER), which leads to excessive charge voltages exceeding 4.0 V, thus significantly hindering the practical advancement of the battery technology. Herein, we report dual-active-site AuRu catalysts supported on TiO2 nanorod arrays, grown on carbon nanofiber, where TiO2 layers effectively prevent carbon corrosion and the electronic synergy of the dual active site design comprising Au and Ru can lower the reaction energy barriers of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and CO2ER. Calculation results reveal that this synergy gives rise to complementary catalytic roles: Au facilitates CO2 activation, whereas Ru promotes Li2CO3 breakdown, collectively enhancing the overall reaction kinetics. Consequently, Li–CO2 batteries employing AuRu/TiO2 cathode deliver an ultralong cycle life exceeding 1100 cycles (~ 2200 h), low charge voltages (2.9–3.1 V), high energy efficiency (~ 77.9%), and excellent stability at elevated temperatures. This work establishes a generalizable catalyst-support strategy for long lifespan metal–CO2 batteries, offering a promising route toward high-performance carbon neutral energy storage devices.}
}