@article{YANG2025, 
author = {Liu YANG and Xiaoyu JIANG and Guangtao DONG and Fei GONG and Kai ZHU and Yijie PEI and Jiawei CAI},
title = {3D pore-scale simulations of CO2 flooding after pre-flushing CO2 fracturing in glutenite reservoirs},
year = {2025},
journal = {Oil & Gas Geology},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {670-684},
keywords = {two-phase flow, digital core, volume of fluid (VOF) method, Junggar Basin, CO2 soaking experiment, sequestration (PCFS) synergistic technology, geological CO2 sequestration, oil and gas development},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.11743/ogg20250222},
doi = {10.11743/ogg20250222},
abstract = {The Mahu Sag in the Junggar Basin holds significant potential for oil and gas exploitation and development. However, the strong reservoir heterogeneity therein leads to a rapid decline in oil and gas production. Presently, the pre-CO2 fracturing, gas flooding, sequestration (PCFS) synergistic technology is commonly employed for enhanced oil recovery from glutenite reservoirs. This study aims to investigate the impact of CO2-water-rock interactions on pore structures during pre-flushing CO2 fracturing, as well as CO2 migration patterns in the process of gas flooding. Using a glutenite core taken from the Mahu Sag, we perform CO2 soaking experiments, high-precision micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and volume of fluid (VOF) method-based numerical simulations of two-phase flow in 3D digital cores. The results indicate that CO2-water-rock interactions facilitate the dissolution-derived expansion of the pore structure, and the originally isolated channels converge into sheets, increasing the sweep range of CO2 clusters. Meanwhile, this process induces secondary mineral precipitation and expansion, which can block or restructure pathways for fluid flow and, accordingly, change the flow paths and velocity of fluids in the pore structure. These, thereby, hinder the formation of the preferential flow pathways. Nevertheless, compared to the negative impact of secondary mineral precipitation and expansion, the pore space expansion under CO2 soaking-induced dissolution is greater in positive effect. Specifically, the permeability is improved, so does the seepage capacity of pore structures. CO2 clusters in different flow channels exhibit different morphologies (like convex or concave) at the displacement front. In the representative elementary volume (REV) models before and after CO2 soaking, the dimensionless parameters (i.e., capillary number Ca, contact angle θ, and viscosity ratio M) exert varying degrees of influence on the displacement efficiency. Specifically, in the REV model after CO2 soaking, exhibiting a relatively higher degree of porosity evolution, the displacement efficiency is more sensitive to changes in the dimensionless parameters. This indicates that the PCFS synergistic technology is more effective in the exploitation of reservoirs with higher-degree porosity development.}
}