@article{Chen2025, 
author = {Wen-Li Chen and Li-Xia Zhang},
title = {A cross-sectional study of the association between dietary inflammatory index and glaucoma prevalence in a US population},
year = {2025},
journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {139-145},
keywords = {glaucoma risk factors, dietary inflammatory index, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, restricted cubic spline regression, cross-sectional study},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.18240/ijo.2025.01.17},
doi = {10.18240/ijo.2025.01.17},
abstract = {AIMTo assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and prevalence of glaucoma among individuals aged 40y and above in the United States.METHODSParticipants were drawn from 2 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2008) for a cross-sectional study. DII was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire conducted by experienced researchers and data analyzed in R according to the NHANES user guide, “Stratified Multi-stage Probability Sampling”. The relationship between DII and glaucoma was evaluated by multi-factor logistic regression analysis and the existence of a non-linear association examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.RESULTSA total of 5359 subjects were included and the cross-sectional analysis weighted to represent the US population of 109 million. DII was elevated in glaucoma patients (P<0.001) and smoking and alcohol use contributed to significant differences (P<0.001). DII correlated negatively with Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, r=-0.49). RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between DII and glaucoma risk (P of non-linear relationship =0.575).CONCLUSIONAn increased DII is strongly associated with high risk of glaucoma and diet-induced inflammation should be controlled to delay glaucoma progression.}
}