@article{Zhu2025, 
author = {Jizhong Zhu and Cong Zeng and Yun Liu and Xuancong Xu},
title = {Double-layer Optimization Mechanism for Multi-area OPF Considering Valve-point Loading Effect},
year = {2025},
journal = {CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {683-691},
keywords = {Distributed computation platform, distributed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, double-layer optimization mechanism, multi-area optimal power flow},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08660},
doi = {10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08660},
abstract = {In terms of the multi-area optimal power flow (OPF) problem, the optimized objectives are always a fuel cost function expressed by a second-order polynomial. However, the valve-point loading effect, whose cost curve is a transcendental function formed by the superposition of the sine and polynomial function, will make the objective function non-convex and non-differentiable. Conventional distributed optimization technologies can hardly make a solution directly. Therefore, it is necessary to realize a distributed solution for multi-area OPF from another point of view. In this paper, we constitute a new double-layer optimization mechanism. The proposed distributed meta-heuristic optimization (DMHO) algorithm is put on the top layer to optimize the dispatching of each area, and in each iteration a distributed power flow calculation method is embedded as the bottom layer to minimize the mismatch of power balance. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach not only implements a multi-area OPF distributed solution but also accelerates the convergence rate, improves the solution accuracy and enhances the robustness. In addition, a fully decentralized computation experiment is performed in an actual distributed environment to test its practicability and computation efficiency.}
}