@article{Qin2025, 
author = {Yao Qin and Hongyu Chu and Fei Song and Tianrong Li and Yapei Yun and Shu-Xian Hu and Hongting Sheng and Manzhou Zhu},
title = {Low-nuclear Cu4Cl2 and Cu2Cl4 nanocluster specifically designed for A3 coupling reaction and mechanism insight},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {94907523},
keywords = {Cu nanoclusters, low-nuclear, A3 coupling, halogen exchange mechanism},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907523},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907523},
abstract = {A3 coupling reaction is a three-component reaction widely used in pharmaceutical and is an important and practical method for constructing new C–N and C–C bonds. Here, two low-nuclear Cu4Cl2/C3N4 and Cu2Cl4/C3N4 catalysts were specifically designed for A3 coupling under mild conditions, with TON up to 8702.3 and 3461.8, respectively, much higher than reported catalysts. Additionally, we captured the key intermediate and confirmed its structures by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), revealing the halogen exchange process at the atomic level by experiments and density function theory (DFT) studies. These results increase our understanding of low-nuclear catalysts and provide guidance for the design and preparation of more efficient and targeted catalytic materials.}
}