@article{Liu2025, 
author = {Xianya Liu and Yan Wang and Jingyi Su and Longlu Wang},
title = {Synergistic effects of single atoms and nanoparticles: Emerging opportunities for electrocatalysis},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {94907441},
keywords = {nanoparticles, single-atom catalysts, tandem catalysis, synergistic catalysis, bifunctional catalysis, electron transfer effect},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907441},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907441},
abstract = {The rational design of high-performance catalysts is crucial for advancing energy conversion and storage technologies. Single-atom and nanoparticle synergistic catalysts (SAC-NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their ability to precisely modulate electronic structures and optimize intermediate adsorption energies. SACs exhibit maximized atomic utilization and well-defined active sites; however, their restricted electronic tunability and inherent instability limit their widespread application. Conversely, NPs provide superior charge transfer capabilities and enhanced catalytic stability, effectively complementing SACs. The SAC-NPs leverage atomic-scale electronic interactions to enhance catalytic activity, stability, and reaction kinetics, making it a promising platform for electrocatalysis. Therefore, elucidating the synergistic catalytic mechanisms of SAC-NPs and refining optimization strategies are crucial for advancing the development of high-performance catalysts. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis strategies and structural modulation approaches of SAC-NPs. Furthermore, the synergistic catalytic mechanisms, encompassing electron transfer, tandem catalysis, and bifunctional catalysis, are critically examined from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Finally, recent advancements in SAC-NPs for key electrocatalytic reactions are reviewed, along with current challenges and future research directions. This work aims to provide comprehensive theoretical and practical guidance for the development of SAC-NPs, facilitating the rational design of next-generation catalysts and advancing renewable energy technologies.}
}