@article{FEI2025, 
author = {Hong-lu FEI and Guang-jie JING and Shuai ZHEN and Hong-yu JIA},
title = {Experimental Study on Open-pit Blast Effects with Various Decoupled Charge Mediums in High and Cold Regions},
year = {2025},
journal = {BLASTING},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {26-36},
keywords = {energy utilization, blasting vibration, blasting crater, high and cold region, decoupled charge},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.004},
doi = {10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.004},
abstract = {During drilling and blasting of open-pit mining in high and cold regions, water inrush or freezing often occurs on the borehole inside. This phenomenon creates a decoupled charge structure with water and ice, affecting the blasting effect and the rock-breaking mechanism under decoupled conditions. To determine the geometric parameters of the blasting crater and analyze the blasting effect under three types of decoupling medium in the high-cold area, a series of tests were conducted on the blasting effects of different decoupling charges in the Karma open-pit mining in Tibet. Based on the Livingston curve fitting results, the blasting parameters were optimized and applied to on-site engineering blasting. The results indicated significant differences between the visible volumes of the blasting crater and the crushed funnel at burial depths of 1.09~1.49 m. However, these volumes resembled burial depths of 1.49~1.69 m. Compared to the air-deck decoupling, the peak particle velocities under water and ice decoupling were reduced by 25.33% and 11.24%, respectively. The critical charge depths varied among the three decoupling materials, with water decoupling having the most significant critical depth, ice decoupling charge, and air-deck decoupling having the shallowest. The charge weights required for water and ice decoupling and ice decoupling were 18.9% less than those for air-deck decoupling. In multi-hole bench blasting, the explosive factor for water and ice decoupling was reduced by 18.2% compared to air-deck decoupling, and the rate of large fragments decreased from 8.9% to 4.3%. This indicated that water and ice decoupling charges made the energy distribution of explosives more uniform.}
}