@article{WANG2022, 
author = {Bo WANG and FuQiang QIN and FengYing DENG and HuiGe LUO and XiangFei CHEN and Guo CHENG and Yang BAI and XiaoYun HUANG and JiaYu HAN and XiongJun CAO and XianJin BAI},
title = {Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation},
year = {2022},
journal = {Scientia Agricultura Sinica},
volume = {55},
number = {22},
pages = {4473-4486},
keywords = {Shine Muscat grape, two-crop-a-year, climate, skin, flavonols, flavanols},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.012},
doi = {10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.012},
abstract = {【Objective】3-year-old Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation was used as the material to investigate the differences of physical and chemical indexes of basic quality, flavonoid components and contents between summer grape and winter grape, which would provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation.【Method】The climatic data, such as the sunshine duration, light intensity, temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period of Shine Muscat grape, were recorded. The physical and chemical indexes of basic quality in berries of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat were determined at the young fruit stage, expansion stage, softening stage, beginning maturity stage, and maturity stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the components and contents of flavonols and flavanols in the peel of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat grape were detected by LC-MS/MS.【Result】In terms of the climate factors, the summer grape of Shine Muscat displayed weak illumination and low temperature at early growth stage but strong illumination and high temperature at late growth stage of the whole developing period, while the winter grape was opposite. The average sunshine duration, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature in the growth period of summer grape were higher than those of winter grape, but the rainfall was lower than that of winter grape. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer grape was higher than that of winter grape from the beginning of maturity stage to maturity stage. In terms of the basic quality, the content of soluble solid of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape at maturity stage, and the peel thickness of summer grape was significantly lower than that of winter grape. There was no significant difference in the single berry weight, fruit equatorial and longitudinal diameter and titratable acid content between summer and winter grape. In terms of the components and contents of flavonols, the content of total flavonols in peels of summer and winter grape showed a downward trend during the fruit developing stage. The content of total flavonols in different periods of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape. The main flavonol in summer grape was quercetin-3-O-glucoside, while the main flavonol in winter grape was kaempferol-3-O-galactoside. In terms of the components and contents of flavanols, the content of total flavanols in summer and winter grape also showed a downward trend. The eight identical flavanols were detected in the peels of both summer and winter grape, and the main flavanols were catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The contents of total flavanols, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1 in summer grape were significantly lower than those in winter grape during fruit development. The contents of gallic catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin B2 at fruit maturation stage of summer grape were significantly higher than those of winter grape. The principal component analysis showed that there were differences in flavonols between summer and winter fruits. The regression analysis showed that catechin, quercetin-3-O-Glucoside and procyanidin B1 were the main components for distinguishing the flavonoids from summer and winter grapes.【Conclusion】In the study conducting year, the quality of summer grape of Shine Muscat was better than that of winter grape. During the whole grape developing stage, the content of total flavonols in summer grape was significantly higher than that in winter grape, while the content of total flavanols in summer grape was significantly lower than that in winter grape. The main components of flavonols were different between summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat, while the main components of flavanols were the same, namely catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The content of the main components of flavanols in winter grapes was significantly higher than that in summer grape, which might probably explained why the astringency taste of winter grape was stronger than that of summer grape. The differences in light and temperature during the growth period may be an important factor that caused the difference in the components and contents of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat.}
}