@article{CAO2024, 
author = {Tianshi CAO and Junqiang BAI and Yasong QIU and Kai HAN and Shaodong FENG and Shilong YU},
title = {Quasi-three-dimensional high-lift wing design approach considering three-dimensional effects of slipstream for distributed electric propulsion aircraft},
year = {2024},
journal = {Chinese Journal of Aeronautics},
volume = {37},
number = {11},
pages = {300-316},
keywords = {High-lift wing design, Quasi-three-dimensional optimization, Three-dimensional effects of slipstream, Distributed electric propulsion aircraft, Ultra-short takeoff and landing},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.cja.2024.06.034},
doi = {10.1016/j.cja.2024.06.034},
abstract = {The efficient utilization of propeller slipstream energy is important for improving the ultra-short takeoff and landing capability of Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft. This paper presents a quasi-three-dimensional (2.5D) high-lift wing design approach considering the three-dimensional (3D) effects of slipstream for DEP aircraft, aiming at maximizing the comprehensive lift enhancement benefit of the airframe-propulsion coupling unit. A high-precision and efficient momentum source method is adopted to simulate the slipstream effects, and the distributed propellers are replaced by a rectangular actuator disk to reduce the difficulty of grid generation and improve the grid quality. A detailed comparison of the 2.5D and 3D configurations based on the X-57 Mod Ⅳ is performed in terms of flow characteristics and computational cost to demonstrate the rationality of the above design approach. The optimization results of the high-lift wing of the X-57 Mod Ⅳ show that the aerodynamic performance of the landing configuration is significantly improved, for instance, the lift coefficient increases by 0.094 at the angle of attack of 7°, and 0.097 at the angle of attack of 14°. This novel approach achieves efficient and effective design of high-lift wings under the influence of distributed slipstream, which has the potential to improve the design level of DEP aircraft.}
}