@article{Li2025, 
author = {Fangzheng Li and Yueqiang Zhu and Dongli Qi and Chaoran Chen and Hao Li and Ziyang Cao and Xianzhu Yang},
title = {Magnetically actuated aggregation of nanoparticles via host–guest interaction for extracellular targeted drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {7},
pages = {94907164},
keywords = {nanoparticular aggregation, magnetic actuation, host–guest interaction, extracellular targeted drugs, programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockage},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907164},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907164},
abstract = {Rational design of nanomedicine can efficiently improve the therapeutic activity of anticancer drugs; however, the current design strategies are to increase the concentration of drugs within targeted cells, which is not applicable to extracellular-targeted drugs. Herein, we report a nanoparticular aggregation strategy via magnetic actuation and host–guest interaction for extracellular drug delivery. The β-cyclodextrin (βCD)-decorated magnetic nanoparticles (βCD-MNPs) were first administrated and infiltrated into tumor tissue under the magnetic actuation, and then generated mild hyperthermia under alternating magnetic field (AMF) to improve the infiltration of another adamantane (Ad)-decorated NPs (Ad-NPs) into the tumor tissue. Subsequently, the βCD-MNP and Ad-NP would form micro-sized aggregation via the host–guest interaction, which could significantly enhance the enrichment and retention of extracellular-targeted drugs and also minimize their cellular uptake. This nanoparticular aggregation strategy remarkably improved the therapeutic activity of batimastat and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 1 (BMS-1), both of which were extracellular-targeted drug. Such nanoparticular aggregation strategy represents a rational avenue for extracellular drug delivery.}
}