@article{Xing2024, 
author = {You-Xin Xing and Hao-Wen Tan and Yan-Ning Xu and Lu Wang},
title = {A Tiny Example Based Procedural Model for Real-Time Glinty Appearance Rendering},
year = {2024},
journal = {Journal of Computer Science and Technology},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {771-784},
keywords = {real-time rendering, reflectance modeling, glinty material, photorealistic rendering, microstructure},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s11390-024-4123-3},
doi = {10.1007/s11390-024-4123-3},
abstract = {The glinty details from complex microstructures significantly enhance rendering realism. However, the previous methods use high-resolution normal maps to define each micro-geometry, which requires huge memory overhead. This paper observes that many self-similarity materials have independent structural characteristics, which we define as tiny example microstructures. We propose a procedural model to represent microstructures implicitly by performing spatial transformations and spatial distribution on tiny examples. Furthermore, we precompute normal distribution functions (NDFs) by 4D Gaussians for tiny examples and store them in multi-scale NDF maps. Combined with a tiny example based NDF evaluation method, complex glinty surfaces can be rendered simply by texture sampling. The experimental results show that our tiny example based the microstructure rendering method is GPU-friendly, successfully reproducing high-frequency reflection features of different microstructures in real time with low memory and computational overhead.}
}