@article{ZHANG2024, 
author = {Yanxin ZHANG and Hongjian ZHANG and Xian YI and Binrui WU and Xianlei GUAN and Jianjun XIONG},
title = {Analysis method and experimental study of ice accumulation detection signal based on Lamb waves},
year = {2024},
journal = {Chinese Journal of Aeronautics},
volume = {37},
number = {8},
pages = {388-403},
keywords = {Ice, Wavelet transform, Ice accumulation, Ultrasonic sensor, Ultrasonic guided wave, Lamb wave},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.cja.2024.04.014},
doi = {10.1016/j.cja.2024.04.014},
abstract = {A quantitative identification method for in-flight icing has the capability to significantly enhance the safety of aircraft operations. Ultrasonic guided waves have the unique advantage of detecting icing in a relatively large area, but quantitative identification of ice layers is a challenge. In this paper, a quantitative identification method of ice accumulation based on ultrasonic guided waves is proposed. Firstly, a simulation model for the wave dynamics of piezoelectric coupling in three dimensions is established to analyze the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in a structure consisting of an aluminum plate and an ice layer. The wavelet transform method is utilized to extract the Time of Flight (ToF) or Time of Delay (ToD) of S0/B1 mode waves, which serves as a characteristic parameter to precisely determine and assess the level of ice accumulation. Then, an experimental system is developed to evaluate the feasibility of Lamb waves-based icing real-time detection in the presence of spray conditions. Finally, a combination of the Hampel median filter and the moving average filter is developed to analyze ToF/ToD signals. Numerical simulation results reveal a positive correlation between geometric dimensions (length, width, thickness) of the ice layer and ToF/ToD of B1 mode waves, indicating their potential as indicators for quantifying ice accumulation. Experimental results of real-time icing detection indicate that ToF/ToD will reach greater peak values with the growth of the arbitrary-shaped ice layer until saturation to effectively predict the simulation results. This study lays a foundation for the practical application of quantitative icing detection via ultrasonic guided waves.}
}