@article{Wang2025, 
author = {Yixin Wang and Yi Wang and Yuhong Cui and Sha Liu and Shujuan Liu and Qian Ye and Feng Zhou and Weimin Liu},
title = {Synthesis of multi-element (F,N,S) doped carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for tribological performance improvement},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {94906995},
keywords = {lubricant additives, tribological behavior, surface modification, element doping, carbon nanospheres},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94906995},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94906995},
abstract = {In this study, the uniform dense polydopamine (PDA) coating was deposited on hyper-cross-linked polystyrene nanospheres (HPSs) through the oxidative polymerization of dopamine with polyethyleneimine (PEI), then which underwent acidification and subsequent anion exchange with LiNTf2 to obtain HPSs@PDA electrolyte (HPSs@PDA-NTf2). So, the multi-element-doped carbon nanospheres (F,N,S-PCNs) were synthesized through the carbonization of HPSs@PDA-NTf2, demonstrating exceptional tribological performance. Compared to 500SN, the mean COF of nanolubricant (500SN + 2.0 wt.% F,N,S-PCNs) decreased from 0.181 to 0.110, and the wear volume reduced by 90.3%. The load-carrying capacity of F,N,S-PCNs as lubricant additives is increased from 150N (500SN) to 450N. The F,N,S-PCNs can infiltrate the contact area and adsorb on the friction pair surface, forming a physical adsorption film that prevents the direct contact of surface. Additionally, the active elements (F,N,S) in F,N,S-PCNs undergo tribochemical reactions with the friction pair under mechanical force and thermal effects to form a chemical protective film. This dual effect significantly enhances the boundary lubrication performance of the lubricating oil. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing multi-element co-doped carbon nanospheres, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of oil-based lubrication technology in the field.}
}