@article{Yang2024, 
author = {Xingru Yang and Yuhang Sheng and Linglong Zhang and Lun Yang and Fangjian Xing and Yunsong Di and Cihui Liu and Fengrui Hu and Xifeng Yang and Guofeng Yang and Yushen Liu and Zhixing Gan},
title = {Five-level anti-counterfeiting based on versatile luminescence of tri-doped double perovskites},
year = {2024},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {9971-9979},
keywords = {photoluminescence, upconversion, anti-counterfeiting, self-trapped excitons},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-024-6918-5},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-024-6918-5},
abstract = {Luminescent materials with multi-emission features are difficult to be replicated, which are highly desirable for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Here, we report the pioneering synthesis of Mn2+/Yb3+/Er3+ tri-doped Cs2Ag0.8Na0.2InCl6 double perovskites (MYE-DP), which exhibit photoluminescence (PL) covering from visible to near-infrared (NIR). The PL colors under excitations of 254 and 365 nm are notably different due to the changed relative emission intensities of self-trapped excitons (STEs) and Mn2+ d–d transition. Moreover, under the excitation of a NIR laser, the MYE-DP exhibits upconversion (UC) emissions of Mn2+ and Er3+. After ceasing the excitation, the long-lived trapped electrons can be thermally released to Mn2+ and Er3+ ions, resulting in both visible and NIR afterglow. Based on multi-modal emissions of the MYE-DP, we demonstrate a five-level anti-counterfeiting strategy, which significantly increases the anti-counterfeiting security. In addition, this work provides valuable insights into the energy transfer between STEs, Mn2+, Ln3+, and traps, laying a solid foundation for future development of new lead-free perovskites.}
}