@article{Zeng2024, 
author = {Shaofeng Zeng and Yuanji Ye and Peidi Zhou and Shimin Yi and Qiaohang Guo and Huamin Chen and Guozhen Shen and Mingcen Weng},
title = {Programmable and reconfigurable humidity-driven actuators made with MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-cellulose nanofiber composites for biomimetic applications},
year = {2024},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {6619-6629},
keywords = {MXene, cellulose nanofibers, programmable actuators, humidity-driven},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-024-6542-4},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-024-6542-4},
abstract = {Smart actuators have a wide range of applications in bionics and energy conversion. The ability to reconfigure shape is essential for soft actuators to achieve various shapes and deformations, which is a crucial feature for next-generation actuators. Nonetheless, it is still an enormous challenge to establish a straightforward approach to creating programmable and reconfigurable actuators. MXene-cellulose nanofiber composite film (MCCF) with a brick-and-mortar hierarchical structure was produced through a vacuum filtration process. MCCF demonstrates impressive mechanical properties such as a tensile stress of 68 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 4.65 GPa. Besides, the MCCF highlights its potential for water-assisted shaping/welding due to the abundance of hydrogen bonds between MXene and cellulose nanofibers. MCCF also showcases capabilities as a humidity-driven actuator with a rapid response rate of 550 °·s−1. Using the methods of water-assisted shaping/welding, several bionic actuators (such as flower, butterfly, and muscle) based on MCCF were designed, highlighting their versatility in applications of smart actuators. The research showcases the impressive capabilities of MXene-based actuators and offers beneficial insights for the advancement of future intelligent materials.}
}