@article{Gao2013, 
author = {Zong-jun Gao and Yong-gui Liu},
title = {Groundwater Flow Driven by Heat},
year = {2013},
journal = {Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
pages = {22-27},
keywords = {Groundwater flow, Heat, Temperature difference, Density difference, Driving mechanism},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JGSE.2013.9280027},
doi = {10.26599/JGSE.2013.9280027},
abstract = {The temperature of groundwater will be increasing gradually while it is recharged and infiltrated down to the depth because of the geothermal gradient. So the density of water is smaller and smaller. The author puts forward the heat-driving mechanism that the movement of the groundwater is caused by the density differences from different temperatures. Based on this idea, the author proposes the short range recharge model of geothermal water in flat terrain hilly area. The model explains the coexistence mechanism of recharge and discharge (hot springs) zones can be at the same altitude. Considering that the temperature is an important driving force of groundwater movement, the paper puts forward and demonstrates that the hot springs can expose at higher lands while the recharge zone being situated lower lying areas.}
}