@article{Wang2013, 
author = {Ping Wang and Zhantao Han and Yasong Li and Kang Chen and Xiaoli Lv and Ming Jian},
title = {The Role of Groundwater Leakage through Deep Wells for the Deformation of Groundwater Flow: a Case Study in Cangzhou Area},
year = {2013},
journal = {Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {80-87},
keywords = {Vertical flow in wells, Groundwater leakage, Groundwater modelling},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/JGSE.2013.9280022},
doi = {10.26599/JGSE.2013.9280022},
abstract = {Overexploitation of groundwater in Cangzhou area has attracted wide attention. Different layers of the aquifer may be connected through wells, since most wells of the deep aquifer have screens in several layers. This study proved the existence of vertical flow through wells, calculated the flow velocity and quantity of vertical flow in wells with methods of both field measurement and numerical simulation. Further, the recharge of deep groundwater by vertical flow through wells was estimated. An annual recharge of 1.5×108-2.8×108m3 from the third aquifer to the forth aquifer in Cangzhou area was estimated, according to the in-well measurement by heat pulse flowmeter sonde.}
}