@article{GAO2023, 
author = {Tianyang GAO and Jinjin LI and Weiqi WANG and Jianbin LUO},
title = {Extremely low friction on gold surface with surfactant molecules induced by surface potential},
year = {2023},
journal = {Friction},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {513-523},
keywords = {surfactant, extremely low friction, applied potential, load bearing capacity},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s40544-022-0608-7},
doi = {10.1007/s40544-022-0608-7},
abstract = {An extremely low friction state was observed on the gold surface induced by applying a specific negative potential in cationic surfactant solution. The friction force showed a remarkable reduction from 8.3 to 3.5 × 10−2 nN (reduced by 99.6%) with increasing the period of negative applied potential, and the final friction coefficient could reduce down to 3 × 10−4. The extremely low friction state was robust, and it also exhibited an excellent load bearing capacity, which cannot be damaged by a high load. Moreover, the extremely low friction state achieved under negative applied potential could keep stable even after the removal of potential, but failed in a short time, once a specific positive potential was applied. It was demonstrated that there was a stable electro-adsorption of surfactant molecules on the gold surface induced by applying a negative potential, leading to the formation of a bilayer structure on the gold surface. The hydration layers of the bilayer on the gold surface and micelles on the silica probe provided a shear plane with an extremely low shear strength, leading to the extremely low friction state on the gold surface. This study provides a method to achieve extremely low friction state by applied potential.}
}