@article{Mei2020, 
author = {Xiuwen Mei and Jia Liu and Feng Peng and Runcang Sun},
title = {Phosphoric Acid-assisted Pretreatment Strategy for the Rational Synthesis of Lignin-derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Toward High-performance Supercapacitors},
year = {2020},
journal = {Paper and Biomaterials},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {43-53},
keywords = {lignin, phosphoric acid-assisted pretreatment, two-step activation, hierarchical porous carbon, supercapacitors, electrochemical performance},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12103/j.issn.2096-2355.2020.01.005},
doi = {10.12103/j.issn.2096-2355.2020.01.005},
abstract = {In this article, a facile two-step activation method, coupled with phosphoric acid (H3PO4)-assisted pretreatment and followed KOH activation, was reported for constructing hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials derived from lignin. The introduction of H3PO4, cross-linked with lignin sources generated phosphate (and/or polyphosphate) ester groups throughout the lignin structure, which endowed the pre-activated intermediate char (IC) with a hierarchical porous structure. Such phosphate esters contributed to the multi-scale pore structure within the pre-activated IC, which was beneficial for the uniform distribution and impregnation of subsequent KOH activators, thus leading to the formation of HPC materials. The as-prepared HPC exhibited a large specific surface area (SSA) of 1345.1 m2/g, which ensures the accessibility of the ion diffusion pathways. The supercapacitors integrated with HPC delivered a high specific capacitance of 241 F/g (in a three-electrode system) and outstanding rate capability with an 80.9% capacitance retention from 0.5 A/g to an ultra-high current density of 50 A/g.}
}