@article{Song2023, 
author = {Pin Song and Shiqiang Wei and Jun Di and Jun Du and Wenjie Xu and Daobin Liu and Changda Wang and Sicong Qiao and Yuyang Cao and Qilong Cui and Pengjun Zhang and Liaobo Ma and Jiewu Cui and Yan Wang and Yujie Xiong},
title = {Biomass-derived hard carbon microtubes with tunable apertures for high-performance sodium-ion batteries},
year = {2023},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {4874-4879},
keywords = {hard carbon, kapok fibers, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), reversible capacity, long cycle life},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-022-5154-0},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-022-5154-0},
abstract = {Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered the most up-and-coming complements for large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and cheap sodium. However, due to the bigger radius, it is still a great challenge to develop anode materials with suitable space for the intercalation of sodium ions. Herein, we present hard carbon microtubes (HCTs) with tunable apertures derived from low-cost natural kapok fibers via a carbonization process for SIBs. The resulted HCTs feature with smaller surface area and shorter Na+ diffusion path benefitting from their unique micro-nano structure. Most importantly, the wall thickness of HCTs could be regulated and controlled by the carbonization temperature. At a high temperature of 1,600 °C, the carbonized HCTs possess the smallest wall thickness, which reduces the diffusion barrier of Na+ and enhances the reversibility Na+ storage. As a result, the 1600HCTs deliver a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%, good cycling stability (89.4% of capacity retention over 100 cycles at 100 mA·g−1), and excellent rate capacity. This work not only charts a new path for preparing hard carbon materials with adequate ion channels and novel tubular micro-nano structures but also unravels the mechanism of hard carbon materials for sodium storage.}
}