@article{Chen2023, 
author = {Bin-Bin Chen and Meng-Li Liu and Ya-Ting Gao and Shuai Chang and Ruo-Can Qian and Da-Wei Li},
title = {Design and applications of carbon dots-based ratiometric fluorescent probes: A review},
year = {2023},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1064-1083},
keywords = {carbon dots, ratiometric fluorescent probes, construction strategy, sensing type, a review},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-022-4840-2},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-022-4840-2},
abstract = {Ratiometric fluorescence (FL) probes can eliminate the background interference and provide more accurate detection results than single emission intensity-based nanoprobes. Recently, carbon dots (CDs)-based ratiometric FL probes have received extensive research attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, and multi-emission capabilities. In this review, we firstly summarize the construction strategies of CDs-based ratiometric FL probes, including physical mixing, nanohybrid, and dual-emitting CDs strategies. Additionally, we classify the sensing types of CDs-based ratiometric FL probes into five categories according to the difference in spectral variation caused by analytes: “single-response-ON”, “single-response-OFF”, “double-responses-ON”, “double-responses-OFF”, and “double-responses-Reverse” types. Finally, a thorough overview of CDs-based ratiometric FL probe applications in ions, molecules, pH, and temperature sensing is provided. We believe this review can show the latest research progress of CDs-based ratiometric FL sensing fields and provide perspectives on future developments for the construction of CDs-based ratiometric FL probes and their potential applications.}
}