@article{Pan2023, 
author = {Anran Pan and Zhicheng Wang and Fengrui Zhang and Lei Wang and Jingjing Xu and Jieyun Zheng and Jianchen Hu and Chenglong Zhao and Xiaodong Wu},
title = {Wide-temperature range and high safety electrolytes for high-voltage Li-metal batteries},
year = {2023},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {8260-8268},
keywords = {safe electrolytes, wide-temperature, non-flammable, high-voltage batteries},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-022-4655-1},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-022-4655-1},
abstract = {Along with the keeping growing demand for high-energy-density energy storage system, high-voltage Li-metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted many attentions. In view of many defects of the commercial electrolytes, such as flammability, limited operation temperature range, and severe Li dendrite growth, non-flammable phosphate-based localized highly concentrated electrolytes (LHCE) have been explored as one of the safe electrolytes for LMBs. But until now there is rare report on wide-temperature range LMBs using phosphate-based electrolytes. Here, we prepare a wide-temperature LHCE, which is composed of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (HFE), and explore the applicability in wide-temperature LMBs from −40 to 70 °C. In the LHCE, both TEP and HFE are non-flammable, and Li+ is highly coordinated with TEP and DFOB−, which can effectively inhibit the TEP decomposition on anode, and facilitate the preferential reduction of DFOB−, thus obtain a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to suppress Li dendrite growth and side reactions. Therefore, this LHCE can not only endow Li/Cu and Li/Li cells with high Coulombic efficiency (CE) and long cycling lifespan, but also be applied to LiFePO4 (LFP)/Li and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523)/Li LMBs. Most importantly, the NCM523/Li LMBs with LHCE can deliver stable cycling performance at 4.5 V high-voltage and high-temperature (70 °C), as well as excellent low-temperature capacity retention even though both charging and discharging process were carried out at −40 °C.}
}