@article{Yu2023, 
author = {Wenyan Yu and Cuiping Xuan and Bingbing Liu and Lei Zhou and Na Yin and Enpeng Gong and Zhenzhong Zhang and Yinchao Li and Kaixiang Zhang and Jinjin Shi},
title = {Carrier-free programmed spherical nucleic acid for effective ischemic stroke therapy via self-delivery antisense oligonucleotide},
year = {2023},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {735-745},
keywords = {ischemic stroke, antisense oligonucleotide, caspase-3, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, anti-apoptosis},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-022-4402-7},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-022-4402-7},
abstract = {Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) for anti-apoptosis is emerging as a highly promising therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke with complex pathological environment. However, its therapeutic efficacy is seriously limited by a number of challenges including inefficient internalization, low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, poor stability, and potential toxicity of the carrier. Herein, a carrier-free programmed spherical nucleic acid nanostructure is developed for effective ischemic stroke therapy via integrating multifunctional modules into one DNA structure. By co-encoding caspase-3-ASO and transferrin receptor (TfR) aptamer into circle template, the spherical nucleic acid nanostructure (TD) was obtained via self-assembly. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed TD displayed efficient BBB penetration capability (6.4 times) and satisfactory caspase-3 silence effect (2.3 times) due to the dense DNA packaging in TD. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the carrier-free programmed spherical nucleic acid nanostructure could significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of ischemic stroke and was a promising therapeutic tool for various brain damage-related diseases.}
}