@article{Chang2012, 
author = {Chia-Chi Chang and Chun-Chung Chen and Wei-Hsuan Hung and I-Kai Hsu and Marcos A. Pimenta and Stephen B. Cronin},
title = {Strain-Induced D Band Observed in Carbon Nanotubes},
year = {2012},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {5},
number = {12},
pages = {854-862},
keywords = {defects, strain, Raman, SWCNTs, D band, sp2 bond},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-012-0269-3},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-012-0269-3},
abstract = {We report the emergence of the D band Raman mode in single-walled carbon nanotubes under large axial strain. The D to G mode Raman intensity ratio (ID/IG) is observed to increase with strain quadratically by more than a factor of 100-fold. Up to 5% strain, all changes in the Raman spectra are reversible. The emergence of the D band, instead, arises from the reversible and elastic symmetry-lowering of the sp2 bonds structure. Beyond 5%, we observe irreversible changes in the Raman spectra due to slippage of the nanotube from the underlying substrate, however, the D band intensity resumes its original pre-strain intensity, indicating that no permanent defects are formed.}
}