@article{He2018, 
author = {Yanzhen He and Xijiang Han and Yunchen Du and Bo Song and Bin Zhang and Wei Zhang and Ping Xu},
title = {Conjugated polymer-mediated synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient anode materials for sodium ion batteries},
year = {2018},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {2573-2585},
keywords = {carbon nanotube, heteroatom doping, sodium ion battery, conjugated polymer},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-017-1882-y},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-017-1882-y},
abstract = {Heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant attention as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we demonstrate a conjugated polymer-mediated synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes (S/N-CT) via the carbonization of sulfur-containing polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes. It is found that the carbonization technique greatly influences the structural features and thus the Na-storage behavior of the S/N-CT materials. The carbon nanotubes developed using a two-step carbonization process (heating at 400 ℃ and then at 900 ℃) exhibit a high specific surface area, enlarged interlayer distance, small charge transfer resistance, enhanced reaction kinetics, as well as a large number of defects and active sites; further, they exhibit a high reversible capacity of 340 mAh·g–1 at 0.1 A·g–1 and a remarkable cycling stability with a capacity of 141 mAh·g–1 at 5 A·g–1 (94% retention after 3, 000 cycles). Direct carbonization of conjugated polymers with a specific morphology is an eco-friendly and low-cost technique for the synthesis of dual atom-doped carbon nanomaterials for application in energy devices. However, the carbonization process should be carefully controlled in order to better tune the structure–property relationship.}
}