@article{Scirè2020, 
author = {Daniele Scirè and Paul Procel and Antonino Gulino and Olindo Isabella and Miro Zeman and Isodiana Crupi},
title = {Sub-gap defect density characterization of molybdenum oxide: An annealing study for solar cell applications},
year = {2020},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {3416-3424},
keywords = {molybdenum oxide, density of states, polaron theory, silicon heterojunction solar cell},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-020-3029-9},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-020-3029-9},
abstract = {The application of molybdenum oxide in the photovoltaic field is gaining traction as this material can be deployed in doping-free heterojunction solar cells in the role of hole selective contact. For modeling-based optimization of such contact, knowledge of the molybdenum oxide defect density of states (DOS) is crucial. In this paper, we report a method to extract the defect density through nondestructive optical measures, including the contribution given by small polaron optical transitions. The presence of defects related to oxygen-vacancy and of polaron is supported by the results of our opto-electrical characterizations along with the evaluation of previous observations. As part of the study, molybdenum oxide samples have been evaluated after post-deposition thermal treatments. Quantitative results are in agreement with the result of density functional theory showing the presence of a defect band fixed at 1.1 eV below the conduction band edge of the oxide. Moreover, the distribution of defects is affected by post-deposition treatment.}
}