@article{Tang2020, 
author = {Shuai Tang and Jie Tang and Ta-wei Chiu and Wataru Hayami and Jun Uzuhashi and Tadakatsu Ohkubo and Fumihiko Uesugi and Masaki Takeguchi and Masanori Mitome and Lu-Chang Qin},
title = {A HfC nanowire point electron source with oxycarbide surface of lower work function for high-brightness and stable field-emission},
year = {2020},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {1620-1626},
keywords = {nanowire, hafnium carbide, oxycarbide, electron emission, field emission},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-020-2782-0},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-020-2782-0},
abstract = {Electric field-induced point electron source is highly demanded for microscopy, spectroscopy, lithography, X-ray tubes, microwave devices, and data displays. However, the instability in emission current and requirement of ultrahigh vacuum have often limited its extensive applications. Herewith we report a single-crystalline HfC nanowire with oxycarbide emission surface for stable electron emission at 50 nA with fluctuations less than 1% in a vacuum of 4 × 10-7 Pa. The emitter has a low work function of 2.5 eV measured by the field emission Fowler-Nordheim curve and it is in good agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The energy spread is in a range of 0.21-0.26 eV with a corresponding reduced brightness 1.95 × 1011-3.81 × 1011 A·m-2·sr-1·V-1. The HfC nanowire with oxycarbide emission surface is a qualified candidate for the next-generation electron source with high brightness, large current, and low energy spread.}
}