@article{Liu2016, 
author = {Yanyan Liu and Jiawen Zhang and Changjing Zuo and Zhen Zhang and Dalong Ni and Chen Zhang and Jing Wang and Hui Zhang and Zhenwei Yao and Wenbo Bu},
title = {Upconversion nano-photosensitizer targeting into mitochondria for cancer apoptosis induction and cyt c fluorescence monitoring},
year = {2016},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {9},
number = {11},
pages = {3257-3266},
keywords = {mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), upconversion-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), cytochrome c (cyt c), mitochondrial apoptosis},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-016-1204-9},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-016-1204-9},
abstract = {Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) plays a major role in cancer cell apoptosis. Here, we designed a core/shell-structured mitochondria-targeting upconversion-based nano-photosensitizer (TPP-UC(PS)) with a lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core coated by a photosensitizer (PS)-incorporated dense silica shell. Following irradiation with external near-infrared laser (NIR), TPP-UC(PS) in mitochondria caused serious mitochondrial matrix swelling for the activated upconversion-based photodynamic therapy (UC-PDT), and the mobilization of cytochrome c (cyt c) was amplified in response to the increased mitoROS. Specifically, this heme-containing cyt c could be monitored by varying TPP-UC(PS)'s upconversion luminescence signal (UCL), which may facilitate the in situ detection of cyt c for apoptosis research. As a proof of concept, our designed TPP-UC(PS) may provide significant opportunities for controlling cancer cell apoptosis under NIR stimulation and for studying apoptosis using the dynamic UCL, which is influenced by local cyt c.}
}