@article{Castro-Hermosa2021, 
author = {Sergio Castro-Hermosa and Luana Wouk and Izabela Silva Bicalho and Luiza de Queiroz Corrêa and Bas de Jong and Lucio Cinà and Thomas M. Brown and Diego Bagnis},
title = {Efficient fully blade-coated perovskite solar cells in air with nanometer-thick bathocuproine buffer layer},
year = {2021},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {1034-1042},
keywords = {perovskite, buffer, bathocuproine (BCP), blade coating, printed electronics},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s12274-020-3147-4},
doi = {10.1007/s12274-020-3147-4},
abstract = {Fully printed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated in air with all constituent layers, except for electrodes, deposited by the blade coating technique. The PSCs incorporated, for the first time, a nanometer-thick printed bathocuproine (BCP) hole blocking buffer using blade coating and deposited at relative humidity up to 50%. The PSCs with a p-i-n structure (glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH3NH3PbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/BCP/Ag) delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9% on an active area of 0.5 cm2 when measured under standard test conditions. The PSCs with a blade coated BCP delivered performance of 10% and 63% higher (in relative terms) than those incorporating a spin coated BCP or without any BCP film, respectively. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that blade coated films were more homogeneous and acted also as a surface planarizer leading to a reduction of roughness which improved BCP/Ag interface lowering charge recombination. The demonstration of 15% efficient devices with all constituent layers, including nanometer-thick BCP (~ 10 nm), deposited by blade coating in air, demonstrates a route for industrialization of this technology.}
}