@article{ZHANG2020, 
author = {Mao-Hua ZHANG and Chengpeng HU and Zhen ZHOU and Hao TIAN and Hao-Cheng THONG and Yi Xuan LIU and Xing-Yu XU and Xiao-Qing XI and Jing-Feng LI and Ke WANG},
title = {Determination of polarization states in (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric crystal},
year = {2020},
journal = {Journal of Advanced Ceramics},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {204-209},
keywords = {piezoelectrics, lead-free, (K0.40Na0.60)NbO3 (KNN), switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM), ferroelectric domain},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s40145-020-0360-2},
doi = {10.1007/s40145-020-0360-2},
abstract = {Polarization switching in lead-free (K0.40Na0.60)NbO3 (KNN) single crystals was studied by switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM). Acquisition of multiple hysteresis loops on a closely spaced square grid enables polarization switching parameters to be mapped in real space. Piezoresponse amplitude and phase hysteresis loops show collective symmetric/asymmetric characteristics, affording information regarding the switching behavior of different domains. As such, the out-of-plane polarization states of the domains, including amplitudes and phases can be determined. Our results could contribute to a further understanding of the relationships between polarization switching and polarization vectors at the nanoscale, and provide a feasible method to correlate the polarization hysteresis loops in a domain under an electric field with the polarization vector states.}
}