A Novel Optimized Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Efficient Seizure Stage Classification

Brain signal analysis from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is the gold standard for diagnosing various neural disorders especially epileptic seizure. Seizure signals are highly chaotic compared to normal brain signals and thus can be identified from EEG recordings. In the current seizure detection and classification landscape, most models primarily focus on binary classification—distinguishing between seizure and non-seizure states. While effective for basic detection, these models fail to address the nuanced stages of seizures and the intervals between them. Accurate identification of per-seizure or interictal stages and the timing between seizures is crucial for an effective seizure alert system. This granularity is essential for improving patient-specific interventions and developing proactive seizure management strategies. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel AI-based approach for seizure stage classification using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). The developed model goes beyond traditional binary classification by categorizing EEG recordings into three distinct classes, thus providing a more detailed analysis of seizure stages. To enhance the model’s performance, we have optimized the DCNN using two advanced techniques: the Stochastic Gradient Algorithm (SGA) and the evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (GA). These optimization strategies are designed to fine-tune the model’s accuracy and robustness. Moreover, k-fold cross-validation ensures the model’s reliability and generalizability across different data sets. Trained and validated on the Bonn EEG data sets, the proposed optimized DCNN model achieved a test accuracy of 93.2%, demonstrating its ability to accurately classify EEG signals. In summary, the key advancement of the present research lies in addressing the limitations of existing models by providing a more detailed seizure classification system, thus potentially enhancing the effectiveness of real-time seizure prediction and management systems in clinical settings. With its inherent classification performance, the proposed approach represents a significant step forward in improving patient outcomes through advanced AI techniques.