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Nano Research Energy 2022, 1: 9120008 https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2022.9120008
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 28 May 2022

Progress and prospects of two-dimensional materials for membrane-based osmotic power generation

Show Author's Information Javad Safaei,  Guoxiu Wang( )
Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
Keywords:
nanofluidics, 2D material, osmotic power generation, reverse electrodialysis, ion transportation
Cite this article:
Safaei J, Wang G. Progress and prospects of two-dimensional materials for membrane-based osmotic power generation. Nano Research Energy, 2022, 1: 9120008. https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2022.9120008
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Abstract Full text About this article

The electrical energy that can be harnessed from the salinity difference across the sea water and river water interface can be one of the sustainable and clean energy resources of the future. This energy can be harnessed via the nanofluidic channels that selectively permeate ions. The selective diffusion of cations and anions can produce electricity through reverse electrodialysis. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a class of nanomaterials that hold great promise in this field. Several breakthrough works have been previously published which demonstrate the high electrical power densities of 2D membranes. The ion transportation can be either through the nano-sized in-plane pores or interlayer spacings of 2D materials. This review article highlights the progress in 2D materials for salinity gradient power generation. Several types of 2D membranes with various nano-architectures are discussed in this review article. These include atom-thick 2D membranes with nanopores, 2D lamellar membranes, 2D lamellar membranes with nanopores, 2D/one-dimensional (1D), and 2D/2D hybrid membranes. The fabrication techniques, physical characteristics, ion transportation properties, and the osmotic power generation of these 2D membranes are elaborated in this review article. Finally, we overview the future research direction in this area. It is envisioned that the research on 2D materials can make practical salinity gradient power generation one step closer to reality.


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About this article

Progress and prospects of two-dimensional materials for membrane-based osmotic power generation

Show Author's information Javad Safaei, Guoxiu Wang( )
Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia

Abstract

The electrical energy that can be harnessed from the salinity difference across the sea water and river water interface can be one of the sustainable and clean energy resources of the future. This energy can be harnessed via the nanofluidic channels that selectively permeate ions. The selective diffusion of cations and anions can produce electricity through reverse electrodialysis. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a class of nanomaterials that hold great promise in this field. Several breakthrough works have been previously published which demonstrate the high electrical power densities of 2D membranes. The ion transportation can be either through the nano-sized in-plane pores or interlayer spacings of 2D materials. This review article highlights the progress in 2D materials for salinity gradient power generation. Several types of 2D membranes with various nano-architectures are discussed in this review article. These include atom-thick 2D membranes with nanopores, 2D lamellar membranes, 2D lamellar membranes with nanopores, 2D/one-dimensional (1D), and 2D/2D hybrid membranes. The fabrication techniques, physical characteristics, ion transportation properties, and the osmotic power generation of these 2D membranes are elaborated in this review article. Finally, we overview the future research direction in this area. It is envisioned that the research on 2D materials can make practical salinity gradient power generation one step closer to reality.

Keywords: nanofluidics, 2D material, osmotic power generation, reverse electrodialysis, ion transportation

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Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 29 April 2022
Revised: 21 May 2022
Accepted: 23 May 2022
Published: 28 May 2022
Issue date: June 2022

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through the ARC Discovery Projects (Nos. DP200101249 and DP210101389).

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The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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