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Open Access

A review of machine learning techniques for optical wireless communication in intelligent transport systems

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Joahnnesburg 2050, South Africa
Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
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Abstract

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are crucial for safety, efficiency, and reduced congestion in transportation. They require efficient, secure, high-speed communication. Radio Frequency (RF) technologies like Fifth Generation (5G), Beyond 5G (B5G), and Sixth Generation (6G) are promising, but spectrum scarcity mandates coexistence with Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) networks, which offer high data rates and security, forming a strong foundation for hybrid RF/OWC applications in ITS. In this paper, we delve into the application of Machine Learning (ML) to enhance data communications within OWC systems in ITS. We commence by conducting an in-depth examination of the data communication prerequisites and the associated challenges within the ITS domain. Subsequently, we elucidate the compelling rationale behind the convergence of heterogeneous RF technologies with OWC for data communications in ITS scenarios. Our investigation then pivots towards elucidating the indispensable role played by ML in optimizing data communications via OWC within ITS. To provide a comprehensive perspective, we systematically evaluate and compare a spectrum of ML methodologies employed in OWC ITS data communications. As a culmination of our study, we proffer a set of valuable recommendations and illuminate promising avenues for future research endeavors that warrant further exploration within this critical intersection of ML, OWC, and ITS data communications.

Keywords

machine learningoptical wireless communicationfree space opticsvisible light communicationintelligent transport systems, 5G, B5G, 6G

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Intelligent and Converged Networks
Volume 5 Issue 4,
December 2024
Pages 284-316
DOI: 10.23919/ICN.2024.0019
Cite this article:
Sefako T, Yang F, Song J, et al. A review of machine learning techniques for optical wireless communication in intelligent transport systems. Intelligent and Converged Networks, 2024, 5(4): 284-316. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICN.2024.0019

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Received: 05 January 2024
Accepted: 29 April 2024
Published: 04 November 2024
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