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Open Access

Online search for UAV relay placement for free-space optical communication under shadowing

School of Science and Engineering and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying is promising to overcome the challenge of signal blockage in free-space optical (FSO) communications for users in dense urban area. Existing works on UAV relay placement are mostly based on simplified line-of-sight (LOS) channel models or probabilistic channel models, and thus fail to capture the actual LOS status of the optical communication link. By contrast, this paper studies three-dimensional (3D) online placement for a UAV to construct relay links to two ground users in deep shadow with LOS guarantees. By analyzing the properties of the UAV relay placement problem, it is found that searching on a plane that approximates the equipotential surface can achieve a good performance and complexity trade-off for a good placement of the UAV relay in 3D. Based on these insights, a two-stage online search algorithm on an equipotential plane (TOSEP) is developed for a special case where the equipotential surface turns out to be an equipotential plane. For the general case, a strategy called gradient projected online search algorithm on an approximated equipotential plane (GOSAEP) is developed, which approximates the equipotential surface with a perpendicular plane using the gradient projection method. Numerical experiments are conducted over a real-world city topology, and it is shown that the GOSAEP achieves over 95% of the performance of the exhaustive 3D search scheme within a 300-m search length.

Keywords

free-space optical communicationrelay communicationunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)trajectory designcapacity maximization

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Intelligent and Converged Networks
Volume 4 Issue 1,
March 2023
Pages 28-40
DOI: 10.23919/ICN.2023.0003

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Cite this article:
Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen J. Online search for UAV relay placement for free-space optical communication under shadowing. Intelligent and Converged Networks, 2023, 4(1): 28-40. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICN.2023.0003

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Received: 20 November 2022
Revised: 10 February 2023
Accepted: 15 March 2023
Published: 20 March 2023
© All articles included in the journal are copyrighted to the ITU and TUP.

This work is available under the CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/