Placemaking of Underground Public Space under the Cooperation of Multiple Subjects

Underground public space is a reserve of national spatial resources with development potential under the concept of stock development, and it is also an important component of the urban public space system. However, compared with above ground public space, underground public space involves more development entities, making it difficult to effectively coordinate and form a high-quality public space system. The flexible reward system, multi-party negotiation and discussion platform, and other multi-party collaborative mechanisms can mobilize the government, development entities, users, and third parties to participate in the creation of public spaces, and can solve the problems faced by underground public space development. This study utilizes case study method to thoroughly explore the construction and operation process of a public space system centered on underground pedestrian spaces in Sapporo. The study analyzes the collaborative mechanisms and models of multiple entities throughout the entire cycle of underground public space planning, construction and operation, which focus on the collaboration between government, local developers, the third organizations and citizens. The results show that: The Sapporo case has the advantages of integrating multi-agent coordination goal, quantifying elastic incentive measures of underground public space and constructing multi-agent coordination network with organization as media, which can provide reference for the development of underground public space in China.