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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022, 8(4): 1029-1038 https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.01700
Open Access | Issue | Published: 19 August 2020

Influence of Virtual Synchronous Generators on Low Frequency Oscillations

Show Author's Information Hui Liu,  Dawei Sun( ),  Feng Zhao,  Yunfeng Tian,  Peng Song,  Xuekun Cheng
State Grid Wind-Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Hybrid Power Generation Technology Laboratory and State Grid Jibei Electric Power Research Institute (North China Electric Power Research Insititute Co. Ltd), Beijing 100045, China
State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd, Beijing 100053, China
State Grid Xinyuan Zhangjiakou Wind, Photovoltaic, Storage and Transmission Pilot Power Station Co. Ltd, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
Keywords:
Grid-forming inverters, low frequency oscillation, participation factor, renewable electricity, small-signal model, virtual synchronous generator (VSG)
Cite this article:
Liu H, Sun D, Zhao F, et al. Influence of Virtual Synchronous Generators on Low Frequency Oscillations. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2022, 8(4): 1029-1038. https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.01700
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Abstract Full text About this article

By simulating the operating dynamics of synchronous generators (SGs), the use of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) can help overcome inverter-based generators’ shortcomings of low inertia and minimal damping for grid-forming applications. VSGs’ stability are very important for their solar and wind electricity applications. Currently, the related research primarily focuses on VSGs and their applications for microgrids. There has been little research to explore how VSGs effect low frequency oscillations in power transmission systems. This paper describes a small-signal model of a VSG-SG interconnected system, which is suitable for studying low frequency oscillation damping in a power transmission grid. Based on this model, the effects of VSGs on low frequency oscillations are compared with the effects of SGs to reveal the mechanism of how VSGs influence damping characteristics. The influence of each VSG control loop on oscillations is also analyzed in this paper. Then, the low frequency oscillation risks with different types of VSGs are described. Finally, experiments on a real-time laboratory (RT-LAB) platform are conducted to verify the small-signal analysis results.


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About this article

Influence of Virtual Synchronous Generators on Low Frequency Oscillations

Show Author's information Hui Liu, Dawei Sun( ), Feng Zhao, Yunfeng Tian, Peng Song, Xuekun Cheng
State Grid Wind-Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Hybrid Power Generation Technology Laboratory and State Grid Jibei Electric Power Research Institute (North China Electric Power Research Insititute Co. Ltd), Beijing 100045, China
State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd, Beijing 100053, China
State Grid Xinyuan Zhangjiakou Wind, Photovoltaic, Storage and Transmission Pilot Power Station Co. Ltd, Zhangjiakou 075000, China

Abstract

By simulating the operating dynamics of synchronous generators (SGs), the use of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) can help overcome inverter-based generators’ shortcomings of low inertia and minimal damping for grid-forming applications. VSGs’ stability are very important for their solar and wind electricity applications. Currently, the related research primarily focuses on VSGs and their applications for microgrids. There has been little research to explore how VSGs effect low frequency oscillations in power transmission systems. This paper describes a small-signal model of a VSG-SG interconnected system, which is suitable for studying low frequency oscillation damping in a power transmission grid. Based on this model, the effects of VSGs on low frequency oscillations are compared with the effects of SGs to reveal the mechanism of how VSGs influence damping characteristics. The influence of each VSG control loop on oscillations is also analyzed in this paper. Then, the low frequency oscillation risks with different types of VSGs are described. Finally, experiments on a real-time laboratory (RT-LAB) platform are conducted to verify the small-signal analysis results.

Keywords: Grid-forming inverters, low frequency oscillation, participation factor, renewable electricity, small-signal model, virtual synchronous generator (VSG)

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Received: 01 May 2020
Revised: 07 June 2020
Accepted: 07 July 2020
Published: 19 August 2020
Issue date: July 2022

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