AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems Article
PDF (1.4 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Open Access

Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Generator Considering Converter and Storage Capacity Limits

Junru Chen ( ), Muyang Liu, Federico Milano, Terence O’Donnell
School of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830049, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Electrical Engineering Department, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
Show Author Information

Abstract

A virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has been proposed as a means to control a voltage source converter interfaced generation and storage to retain the dynamics of a conventional synchronous generator. The storage is used to provide the inertia power and droop power in the VSG control to improve the frequency stability. Since the parameters in the VSG control can be varied, it is necessary for it to be tuned to be adaptive, in order to achieve an optimal response to grid frequency changes. However, the storage cannot provide infinite power and the converter has a strict power limitation which must be observed. The adaptive VSG control should consider these limitations, which have not been considered previously. This paper proposes an adaptive VSG control aimed at obtaining the optimal grid supporting services during frequency transients, accounting for converter and storage capacity limitations. The proposed control has been validated via hardware-in-the-loop testing. It is then implemented in storage co-located with wind farms in a modified IEEE 39-bus system. The results show that the proposed control stabilizes the system faster and has better cooperation with other VSGs, considering storage and converter limits.

Keywords

Adaptive controlconverter capacitystate of storagevirtual synchronous generator

References

[1]
F. M. Uriarte, C. Smith, S. VanBroekhoven, and R. E. Hebner, “Microgrid ramp rates and the inertial stability margin,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 3209–3216, Nov. 2015.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
F. Milano, F. Dörfler, G. Hug, D. J. Hill, and G. Verbič, “Foundations and challenges of low-inertia systems (Invited Paper),” in Proceedings of 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference, 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
V. Knap, S. K. Chaudhary, D. I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, B. I. Craciun, and R. Teodorescu, “Sizing of an energy storage system for grid inertial response and primary frequency reserve,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3447–3456, Sep. 2016.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
H. P. Beck and R. Hesse, “Virtual synchronous machine,” in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, 2007.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
J. Y. Fang, Y. Tang, H. C. Li, and X. Q. Li, “A battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for implementing the power management of virtual synchronous generators,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 2820–2824, Apr. 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Y. W. Ma, W. C. Cao, L. Yang, F. Wang, and L. M. Tolbert, “Virtual synchronous generator control of full converter wind turbines with short-term energy storage,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 8821–8831, Nov. 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
J. Rocabert, A. Luna, F. Blaabjerg, and P. Rodríguez, “Control of power converters in AC microgrids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 4734–4749, Nov. 2012.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
M. R. Yu, A. J. Roscoe, A. Dyśko, C. D. Booth, R. Ierna, J. B. Zhu, and H. Urdal, “Instantaneous penetration level limits of non-synchronous devices in the British power system,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1211–1217, Jul. 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
D. Duckwitz and B. Fischer, “Modeling and design of d⁢f/d⁢t -based inertia control for power converters,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1553–1564, Dec. 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
S. Khan, B. Bletterie, A. Anta, and W. Gawlik, “On small signal frequency stability under virtual inertia and the role of PLLs,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1–18, Sep. 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
U. Tamrakar, D. Galipeau, R. Tonkoski, and I. Tamrakar, “Improving transient stability of photovoltaic-hydro microgrids using virtual synchronous machines,” in Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015, pp. 1–6.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
C. Sun, J. N. Paquin, F. Al Jajeh, G. Joos, and F. Bouffard, “Implementation and CHIL testing of a microgrid control system,” in Proceedings of 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
B. K. Poolla, D. Groß, and F. Dörfler, “Placement and Implementation of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Virtual Inertia and Fast Frequency Response,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 3035–3046, Jul. 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, “High penetration of power electronic interfaced power sources (HPoPEIPS),” 2017.
Crossref
[15]
J. Hennig, et al, “Deliverable D1.5 Power system risk analysis and mitigation measures,” MIGRATE, 2019.
Crossref
[16]
Q. C. Zhong, “Virtual synchronous machines: A unified interface for grid integration,” IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 18–27, Dec. 2016.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
S. D’Arco, J. A. Suul, and O. B. Fosso, “A Virtual Synchronous Machine implementation for distributed control of power converters in SmartGrids,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, May 2015.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
J. Liu, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, “Comparison of dynamic characteristics between virtual synchronous generator and droop control in inverter-based distributed generators,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3600–3611, May 2016.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
J. R. Chen, M. Y. Liu, C. O’Loughlin, F. Milano, and T. O’Donnell, “Modelling, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop validation of virtual synchronous generator control in low inertia power system,” in Proceedings of 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference, 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Z. K. Shuai, Y. Hu, Y. L. Peng, C. M. Tu, and Z. J. Shen, “Dynamic stability analysis of synchronverter-dominated microgrid based on bifurcation theory,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 9, 7467–7477, Sep. 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
K. Shi, W. T. Song, P. F. Xu, R. K. Liu, Z. M. Fang, and Y. Ji, “Low-voltage ride-through control strategy for a virtual synchronous generator based on smooth switching,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 2703–2711, Dec. 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
K. Shi, H. H. Ye, P. F. Xu, D. A. Zhao, and L. Jiao, “Low-voltage ride through control strategy of virtual synchronous generator based on the analysis of excitation state,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 2165–2172, May 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
J. R. Chen, M. Y. Liu, and T. O’Donnell, “Replacement of synchronous generator by virtual synchronous generator in the conventional power system,” in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
H. Wu, X. B. Ruan, D. S. Yang, X. R. Chen, W. X. Zhao, Z. P. Lv, and Q. C. Zhong, “Small-signal modeling and parameters design for virtual synchronous generators,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 4292–4303, Jul. 2016.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
H. Liu, D. Sun, F. Zhao, Y. Tian, P. Song and X. Cheng, “The influence of virtual synchronous generators on low frequency oscillations,” CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, .
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
J. Alipoor, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, “Power system stabilization using virtual synchronous generator with alternating moment of inertia,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 451–458, Jun. 2015.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
D. D. Li, Q. W. Zhu, S. F. Lin, and X. Y. Bian, “A self-adaptive inertia and damping combination control of VSG to support frequency stability,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 397–398, Mar. 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
F. Wang, L. J. Zhang, X. Y. Feng, and H. Guo, “An adaptive control strategy for virtual synchronous generator,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 5124–5133, Sep.-Oct. 2018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
L. A. Torres, L. A. C. Lopes, L. A. Morán T., J. R. Espinoza C., “Self-tuning virtual synchronous machine: A control strategy for energy storage systems to support dynamic frequency control,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 833–840, Dec. 2014.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
U. Markovic, Z. D. Chu, P. Aristidou, and G. Hug, “LQR-based adaptive virtual synchronous machine for power systems with high inverter penetration,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1501–1512, Jul. 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
W. Fan, X. W. Yan, and T. Q. Hua, “Adaptive parameter control strategy of VSG for improving system transient stability,” in Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia, 2017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
X. C. Hou, Y. Sun, X. Zhang, J. H. Lu, P. Wang, and J. M. Guerrero, “Improvement of frequency regulation in VSG-Based AC microgrid via adaptive virtual inertia,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1589–1602, Feb. 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
H. W. Fang and Z. W. Yu, “Improved virtual synchronous generator control for frequency regulation with a coordinated self-adaptive method,” CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2020, .
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
J. R. Chen and T. O’Donnell, “Parameter constraints for virtual synchronous generator considering stability,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 2479–2481, May 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
J. R. Chen and T. O’Donnell, “Analysis of virtual synchronous generator control and its response based on transfer functions,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 2965–2977, Sep. 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
M. G. Taul, X. F. Wang, P. Davari, and F. Blaabjerg, “An overview of assessment methods for synchronization stability of grid-connected converters under severe symmetrical grid faults,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 9655–9670, Oct. 2019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
EIRGRID and SONI, “RoCoF alternative & complementary solutions project,” 2016.
[38]
F. Milano, Power System Modelling and Scripting, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.
Crossref
[39]
J. R. Chen, M. Y. Liu, F. Milano, and T. O’Donnell, “Placement of virtual synchronous generator controlled electric storage combined with renewable generation,” in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech, 2019, pp. 1–6.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
F. Milano, “A python-based software tool for power system analysis,” in Proceedings of 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2013.
Crossref Google Scholar
CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems
Volume 8 Issue 2,
March 2022
Pages 580-590
DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.03360
Cite this article:
Chen J, Liu M, Milano F, et al. Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Generator Considering Converter and Storage Capacity Limits. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2022, 8(2): 580-590. https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.03360

792

Views

32

Downloads

13

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

31

Scopus

1

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 21 December 2019
Revised: 29 May 2020
Accepted: 24 June 2020
Published: 19 August 2020
© 2019 CSEE
Return