Auxiliary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy of District Cooling System Based on Model Predictive Control with Terminal Constraints

The district cooling system (DCS) belongs to a class of centralized air-conditioning loads and has frequency regulation potential. This paper proposed an auxiliary frequency regulation control strategy of DCS based on model predictive control (MPC) with terminal constraints, which controls the power consumption of the DCS by adjusting the chilled water flow rate and the number of chiller shutdowns. Firstly, the study established a dynamic model of DCS and traditional units considering the relationship between chilled water flow rate and chilled water outlet temperature, and constructed the state space expression of the system. Then, based on MPC with terminal constraints, it established a joint frequency regulation control model for DCSs and traditional units, with the objective function of minimizing frequency deviation, building temperature deviation from human comfort temperature, chilled water flow’s control instructions, and traditional unit’s control instructions. The terminal constraints include terminal cost function and terminal set. Moreover, it was proved that the MPC problem with terminal constraints is asymptotically stable by constructing the Lyapunov function of the system. Finally, simulations on a 10-unit 39-bus system and an actual power system were carried out. The results verify that adding terminal constraints can improve system stability, and the use of DCS to assist in grid frequency regulation can help the system to quickly restore the rated frequency and improve regulation performance. In addition, the participation of DCSs in grid frequency regulation have no significant impact on comfort.