Neurohumoral, cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression

Ekaterina A Polyakova; Evgeny N Mikhaylov; Dmitry L Sonin; Yuri V Cheburkin; Mikhail M Galagudza

doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.01.007

Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021, 18(1): 47-66 https://doi.org/10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.01.007

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Open Access | Issue | Published: 28 January 2021

Neurohumoral, cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Ekaterina A Polyakova(

), Evgeny N Mikhaylov, Dmitry L Sonin, Yuri V Cheburkin, Mikhail M Galagudza

Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Cite this article:

Polyakova EA, Mikhaylov EN, Sonin DL, et al. Neurohumoral, cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 2021, 18(1): 47-66. https://doi.org/10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.01.007

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Abstract

Heart failure is common in adult population, accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary diseases, family history of cardiovascular diseases, cardiotoxic therapy. The main factor associated with poor outcome of these patients is constant progression of heart failure. In the current review we present evidence on the role of established and candidate neurohumoral biomarkers for heart failure progression management and diagnostics. A growing number of biomarkers have been proposed as potentially useful in heart failure patients, but not one of them still resembles the characteristics of the “ideal biomarker.” A single marker will hardly perform well for screening, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic management purposes. Moreover, the pathophysiological and clinical significance of biomarkers may depend on the presentation, stage, and severity of the disease. The authors cover main classification of heart failure phenotypes, based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and the recently proposed category heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction. One could envisage specific sets of biomarker with different performances in heart failure progression with different left ventricular ejection fraction especially as concerns prediction of the future course of the disease and of left ventricular adverse/reverse remodeling. This article is intended to provide an overview of basic and additional mechanisms of heart failure progression will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathogenesis.

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Neurohumoral, cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Ekaterina A Polyakova(

), Evgeny N Mikhaylov, Dmitry L Sonin, Yuri V Cheburkin, Mikhail M Galagudza

Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract

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Published: 28 January 2021

Issue date: January 2021

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The study has been supported by the grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement 075-15-2020-800). The authors declare no conflict of interests.