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Avian Research 2015, 6(1): 20 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-015-0033-y
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Gender identification using acoustic analysis in birds without external sexual dimorphism

Show Author's Information Ilya A. Volodin1,2( ),  Elena V. Volodina2,  Anna V. Klenova1,  Vera A. Matrosova3,  Ilya A. Volodin1,2( ),  Elena V. Volodina2,  Anna V. Klenova1,  Vera A. Matrosova3
Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 12/1, Moscow 119991, Russia
Scientific Research Department, Moscow Zoo, B. Gruzinskaya, 1, Moscow 123242, Russia
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
Keywords:
Vocalization, Monomorphic birds, Call-based sexing, Sexing by sound
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Volodin IA, Volodina EV, Klenova AV, et al. Gender identification using acoustic analysis in birds without external sexual dimorphism. Avian Research, 2015, 6(1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-015-0033-y
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Abstract Full text About this article

Zoo and wildlife management faces a problem with bird sexing,as many bird taxa have indiscernible gender differences in size and coloration. Problematic groups are geese,cranes,rails,raptors,owls,parrots,doves,auks,shearwaters and some passerines. Commonly accepted invasive sexing techniques based on genetics,laparoscopy,morphometric and on cloacal inspection,are all needed in bird capturing and handling. Capturing and subsequent manipulations may be inapplicable for free-ranging birds,whereas distant voice-based sexing is relevant for many species. This review evaluates the potential for noninvasive sexing by separate calls or duet calls,for adult birds of 69 species from 16 orders and for chicks of 11 species from 7 orders. For adult birds of 25 species,a single call per individual was sufficient for 100 % reliable sexing by ear or using spectrographic analysis. For chicks,the potential for voice-based sexing seems to be very limited. For birds calling rarely or unpredictably,we propose a simple way of provoking vocalization using playbacks of species-specific calls that are available from sound libraries. We conclude that sexing by voice may represent a feasible alternative to the classical sexing techniques,both in the wild and in captivity.


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About this article

Gender identification using acoustic analysis in birds without external sexual dimorphism

Show Author's information Ilya A. Volodin1,2( ), Elena V. Volodina2, Anna V. Klenova1, Vera A. Matrosova3, Ilya A. Volodin1,2( ), Elena V. Volodina2, Anna V. Klenova1, Vera A. Matrosova3
Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 12/1, Moscow 119991, Russia
Scientific Research Department, Moscow Zoo, B. Gruzinskaya, 1, Moscow 123242, Russia
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Zoo and wildlife management faces a problem with bird sexing,as many bird taxa have indiscernible gender differences in size and coloration. Problematic groups are geese,cranes,rails,raptors,owls,parrots,doves,auks,shearwaters and some passerines. Commonly accepted invasive sexing techniques based on genetics,laparoscopy,morphometric and on cloacal inspection,are all needed in bird capturing and handling. Capturing and subsequent manipulations may be inapplicable for free-ranging birds,whereas distant voice-based sexing is relevant for many species. This review evaluates the potential for noninvasive sexing by separate calls or duet calls,for adult birds of 69 species from 16 orders and for chicks of 11 species from 7 orders. For adult birds of 25 species,a single call per individual was sufficient for 100 % reliable sexing by ear or using spectrographic analysis. For chicks,the potential for voice-based sexing seems to be very limited. For birds calling rarely or unpredictably,we propose a simple way of provoking vocalization using playbacks of species-specific calls that are available from sound libraries. We conclude that sexing by voice may represent a feasible alternative to the classical sexing techniques,both in the wild and in captivity.

Keywords: Vocalization, Monomorphic birds, Call-based sexing, Sexing by sound

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Publication history

Received: 22 October 2014
Accepted: 03 November 2015
Published: 13 November 2015
Issue date: January 2015

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© 2015 Volodin et al.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments provided to the manuscript. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 12-04-00260a to IV, EV and VM and 12-04-00414a to AK, for studying the acoustic-based, laparoscopy and gene-based methods of sexing of a few Anseriformes, Gruidae and Alcidae species included in this review), by the President RF Foundation (Grant MK-1781.2012.4 to AK, for studying Alcidae species, also included in this review) and by the Russian Scientific Foundation (Grant No 14-14-00237) to IV, EV, AK and VM for completing the review.

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