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Original Research | Open Access

Relationship between major depression and cervical spondylosis: A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study

Dingyu Du1, Guipeng Zhao1, Yukai Huang1, Longyi Chen( ), Jinping Liu( )
Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to explore the causal link between cervical spondylosis (CS) and major depression (MD) using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

Bidirectional MR was employed to validate the bidirectional causal relationship between CS and MD using pooled data obtained from the Integrated Epidemiology Unit Open Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) database. MR Egger, weighted median, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and simple mode methods were used, with priority given to IVW results. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, and leave-one-out methods, were performed to confirm the stability of the MR results.

Results

In a forward MR analysis, a causal effect was found between MD and CS (IVW: OR > 1, p < 0.05). However, a reverse MR analysis indicated no causal relationship between CS and MD (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses revealed no sample heterogeneity, no horizontal pleiotropy effect, and no significant bias, thus supporting the reliability of the MR analysis results.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence demonstrating that MD is causally associated with CS, whereas CS is not causally linked to MD. These findings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of these two prevalent diseases.

Keywords

Mendelian randomizationCervical spondylosisMajor depressionSensitivity analysisGenome-wide association study

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Journal of Neurorestoratology
Volume 13 Issue 3,
June 2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100203
Cite this article:
Du D, Zhao G, Huang Y, et al. Relationship between major depression and cervical spondylosis: A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 2025, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2025.100203

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Received: 29 September 2024
Revised: 09 January 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2025
Published: 01 June 2025
© 2025 The Author(s).

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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