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Objective

The goal of this research was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with primary progressive freezing of gait (PPFOG).

Patients and methods

This retrospective study enrolled 8 PPFOG patients and 10 age-matched Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait (PDFOG) patients. All patients underwent structured forms to document clinical manifestations and neuropsychological evaluations.

Result

PPFOG patients demonstrated later onset age than PDFOG patients (70.00 ± 9.97 years versus 53.30 ± 5.40 years, respectively; P < 0.05). Besides FOG (100%), the most prevalent concomitant symptoms of PPFOG patients were falling (n = 6, 75%), and fatigue (n = 5, 62.5%). More PPFOG patients had cerebrovascular risk factors and mild brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, which were constant with the manifestations of "cerebral small vessel disease" (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion

According to this study, the majority of PPFOG patients were linked with cerebrovascular disease risk factors and mild brain MRI abnormalities. More research on larger populations is needed to better understand the potential mechanisms underlying the link between PPFOG and cerebral small vessel disease.

Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 11 August 2022
Revised: 05 November 2022
Accepted: 27 November 2022
Published: 09 December 2022
Issue date: March 2023

Copyright

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank all the patients and their caregivers for participating in their study.

Rights and permissions

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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