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Review Article | Open Access

To cleave or not and how? The DNA exonucleases and endonucleases in immunity

Mingjun Lua,1, Jinghong Wua,1, Qing Gaoa, Renjing Jina, Changming Anb( ), Teng Maa( )
Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

DNA exonucleases and endonucleases are key executors of the genome during many physiological processes. They generate double-stranded DNA by cleaving damaged endogenous or exogenous DNA, triggering the activation of the innate immune pathways such as cGAS-STING-IFN, and enabling the body to produce anti-viral or anti-tumor immune responses. This is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the genome and improving the therapeutic efficacy of tumors. In addition, genomic instability caused by exonuclease mutations contributes to the development of various autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the DNA exonucleases and endonucleases which have critical functions in immunity and associated diseases.

Keywords

cGAS-STING pathwayDNA repairEndonucleasesExonucleasesImmunity

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 12 Issue 2,
March 2025
Article number: 101219
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101219

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Cite this article:
Lu M, Wu J, Gao Q, et al. To cleave or not and how? The DNA exonucleases and endonucleases in immunity. Genes & Diseases, 2025, 12(2): 101219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101219

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Received: 19 July 2023
Revised: 02 November 2023
Accepted: 29 December 2023
Published: 24 January 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).