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Review Article | Open Access

Food insecurity increases the risk of overweight and chronic diseases in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chong Zhoua,1, Hongrui Miaob,c,d,1, Yingjun Zhaob,e( ), Xiaohong Wana( )
School of Journalism & Communication, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan 430030, China
Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

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Abstract

To investigate the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) or corresponding chronic diseases in adolescents, 33 studies with 181135 individuals were included in this meta-analysis. Six studies and 10 studies, reported a higher risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents experiencing FI, respectively (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20‒1.58, P < 0.0001; OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01‒1.22, P = 0.035, respectively). Based on the pooled results, adolescents with severe FI had the highest risk of OW/OB (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.20‒1.75, P < 0.0001). The pooled OR indicated no significant association between FI and OW/OB, when the adolescents were stratified into those under 6 years old and those between 6 and 18 years old. Eleven studies assessed the relationship between FI and the risk of chronic diseases. The anemia subgroup was significantly associated with FI (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30‒2.13, P < 0.0001). Severe FI was reported to increase the risk of hypertension (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.28‒1.98, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a pooled analysis revealed a significant association between FI and the risk of chronic diseases in both 6 and 6−18-year-old subgroups.

Keywords

Food insecurityAdolescentsOverweight/obesityChronic diseasesMeta-analysis

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 12 Issue 6,
November 2023
Pages 1937-1947
DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.002
Cite this article:
Zhou C, Miao H, Zhao Y, et al. Food insecurity increases the risk of overweight and chronic diseases in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(6): 1937-1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.002

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Received: 07 August 2021
Revised: 25 October 2021
Accepted: 06 December 2021
Published: 04 April 2023
© 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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